Type 1 Diabetes is autoimmune disease that affects 0.3% on average. It is result of distruction of beta cells due to aggresive nature of cells present in the body. Researchers belive thats some of the Etiology and Risk factors which may trigger type 1 diabetes may be genetic, poor diet (malnutrition) and environment (virus affecting pancreas). Secondly, in most of the cases diabetes occurs because there is abnormal secretion of some hormones in blood which act as antagonists to insulin. Example- Adrenocortical hormone, Adrenaline hormone and Thyroid hormone.
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Type 1 diabetes is the type of diabetes that typically develops in children and young adults. In Type 1 diabetes the body stops making insulin and the blood glucose level goes very high. Treatment to control the blood glucose level is with insulin injections and a healthy diet. Other treatments aim to reduce the risk of complications and include reducing blood pressure if it is high, and to lead a healthy lifestyle.
This is also known as juvenile, early onset, or insulin dependent diabetes. It usually first develops in children or young adults. In the UK about 1 in 250 people develop Type 1 diabetes at some stage.
With Type 1 diabetes the illness usually develops quite quickly, over days or weeks, as the pancreas stops making insulin. It is treated with insulin injections and a healthy diet (see below).
Why does the pancreas stop making insulin?
In most cases, Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an 'auto-immune' disease. The immune system normally makes antibodies to attack bacteria, viruses, and other 'germs'. In auto-immune diseases the immune system makes antibodies against part or parts of the body. If you have Type 1 diabetes you make antibodies that attach to the beta cells in the pancreas. These are thought to destroy the cells that make insulin. It is thought that something triggers the immune system to make these antibodies. The 'trigger' is not known but a popular theory is that a virus triggers the immune system to make these antibodies.
Rarely, Type 1 diabetes is due to other causes. For example, severe inflammation of the pancreas, or surgical removal of the pancreas for various reasons.
There is some genetic factor. A first degree relative (sister, brother, son, daughter) of someone with Type 1 diabetes has about a 6 in 100 chance of developing Type 1 diabetes. This is higher than the chance of the general population which is about 1 in 250. This is probably because certain people are more prone to develop auto-immune diseases such as diabetes, and this is due to their genetic make-up which is inherited.
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